Criterion Reference Test (CRT)

A measurement of achievement of specific criteria or skills in terms of absolute levels of mastery. The focus is on performance of an individual as measured against a standard or criteria rather than against the performance of others whom take the same test as with norm referenced test.

CRT is designed to compare a student’s with a clearly defined curricular objective, skill, standard or area of knowledge (rather than with score of a sample of other students. CRT involves comparing a student’s performance to a well-defined content domain. (Can or can not do)

What is Learning Disability?

Learning disability is not the same thing as mental retardation or autism. LD is a general term that describes a disorder found in children of normal intelligence who have difficulties in learning specific skills. It’s a disorder that affects people's ability to either interpret what they see and hear or to link information from different parts of the brain. Learning disabilities (LD) vary from person to person. One person with learning disabilities may not have the same kind of learning problems as another person with learning disabilities. One person may have trouble with reading and writing. Another person with learning disabilities may have problems with understanding math. Still another person may have trouble in each of these areas, as well as with understanding what people are saying. However, learning disabilities do not include, "learning problems that are primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities, of mental retardation, of emotional disturbance, or of environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage.” Children with learning disabilities are not "dumb" or "lazy." In fact, they usually have average or above average intelligence. Their brains just process information differently. There is no "cure" for learning disabilities. They are life-long. However, children with learning disabilities can be high achievers and can be taught ways to get around the learning disability. With the right help, children with learning disabilities can and do learn successfully.

The Teacher's Role And Responsibility

The human personality is too complex, and the child’s day by day responses to his

environment are too many and varied for us to hope, immediately for any final absolute answers. The role of a teacher is very crucial and responsible.

To be a professional teacher and for the effective practice of the profession it is important to have goals. Once the goals are identified, the leisure time should be spend in teaching techniques which can contribute to the professional growth. It is true that one may not teach until one has learned, and that learning subject matter is a necessary step in preparing for teaching.

The first responsibility of teacher is to aid students to become acquainted with their cultural heritage and to help them develop desirable habits, attitudes, interests, personality and character patterns. Many teachers encounter difficulty in understanding the child, in appraising his attainments and abilities and in planning an effective learning situation.

Even problems of discipline ordinarily arise only because the teacher fails to understand the child and thus is unable to plan an effective learning situation. The characteristics of the teacher that determine the social and emotional climate of the classroom are those that are most important in determining the child’s own sense of well being.

So the teacher must acquire an understanding of the nature of students and of the forces that produce changes in their behavior. A teacher must see that each child will develop socially desirable and personally satisfying attitudes, ideals and beliefs. These are the frame work of character. A teacher should recognize that one of the major responsibility is to challenge every child to use his intellectual abilities to the fullest extent, and to ensure that every child, everyday will experience some success in keeping with his abilities.

The teachers attitudes are necessarily different from the student’s attitudes.  A teacher is responsible for guiding the behaviors of others and for displaying leadership. The behavior of a teacher must take on a new consistency and a new steadiness.

Whenever the teacher is among the students she will be under their close scrutiny.           

In the classroom students will take their cues from the behavior of teacher.

If the teacher is not serious in her approach neither will they. The teacher will see her own attitudes, habits of attention, regards for others courtesy and conduct reflected directly in their behavior. So the teacher should be more careful in her approach and responsible in her acts. If you are dominating, insecure or excitable you will have insecure, ineffectual pupils.